Thursday, January 8, 2009

More on translating "Fetishism"

So I finally got a copy of Graham Franklin's new translation of "Fetishism" for the 2002 volume of the New Penguin Freud, The Unconscious. I gotta say, while it improves somewhat grammatically over the previous versions--by Joan Rivere and James Strachey--it duplicates a lot of the errors in those versions and sometimes makes new mistakes I would have never thought possible. All in all, it's a missed opportunity for opening up what in German is a really striking verbal performance. Here I'll just go through and list the problematic points.
The whole rendering of the first paragraph is off, first and foremost. But what really irks me is that Franklin continues in the tradition of Rivere and Strachey in all three versions in botching the last sentence horribly. Freud says:
Der Fetish spielte also in der Regel die Rolle eines Nebenbefundes.

Which I'd translate roughly as:
As a rule, the fetish therefore plays the role of a incidental finding

Pretty simple, no? Well, Rivere says this (in the International Journal of Psycho-analysis, which you can find now in the handy volume edited by Rieff called The Psychology of Love):
As a rule, therefore, the fetish made its appearance in analysis as a subsidiary finding.

Strachey copies this in the Standard Edition version:
As a rule, therfore, the fetish made its appearance in analysis as a subsidiary finding.

And, to top it all off, there is Franklin:
As a rule, then, their fetish came to light only incidentally during analysis.

Why do all the English versions available get rid of the theatrical metaphor? Odd. It could be because I've got my grammar wrong, and somehow the verb (spielte) is working differently than I think it is... but that doesn't seem right. And why the addition of "in analysis" in all these versions? Both these moves seem to me unncessary, though Franklin actually quite nicely got himself out of the problem of trying to convey what a "Nebenbefundes" is--and this perhaps was a good choice.
Then there is the very crucial sentence about the penis' narcissism:
Nein, das kann nicht wahr sein, denn wenn das Weib kastriert ist, ist sein eigener Penisbesitz bedroht, und dagen sträubt sich das Stück Narzißmus, mit dem die Natur vorsorglich gerade dieses Organ ausgestattet hat.

Rivere, which despite his grammar distortions I like, because he is spirited:
No, that cannot be true, for if a woman can be castrated then his own penis is in danger; and against that there rebels part of his narcissism which Nature has providentially attached to this particular organ.

Strachey:
No, that could not be true: for if a woman had been castrated, then his own possession of a penis was in danger; and against that there rose in rebellion the portion of his narcissism which Nature has, as a precaution, attached to that particular organ.

Franklin:
No, this cannot be true, because if women have been castrated, then his own penis is in danger, and the piece of narcissism, with which nature providently equips this very organ, recoils at the thought.

What!! The penis is thinking!
Or, let me put it differently: everything in this sentence revolves around the "sträubt sich." In an effort to again dilute the resonances of this word, or perhaps convey these resonances in a different sense than Rivere and Strachey have--they have given it what is, I think, given the events in Red Vienna in 1927 (like the burning of the Palace of Justice)

a sort of political valence--Franklin has made it into a sort of colloquial phrase: "recoil at the thought." Even if recoiling is a bit better at communicating the sort of revulsion that verb implies, including "thought"--which is nowhere in the German--cancels out any progress that is thereby made. And "providently," on top of all this, is just unforgivable. "Providentially" is the only acceptable form of that word--otherwise Freud just sounds like he's a snooty Brit. I think Strachey is a bit better in rendering "vorsorglich" as "as a precaution," though this might be a bit more heavy and erase the type of agency that Freud is attributing to Ms. Natur. Nature acts with foresight, but also with care here. I'd render it as the following:
No, that can't be true, because if the woman is castrated, then his own penis is threatened, and counter to this there rioted that part of the narcissism with which nature has preventatively equipped exactly this organ.

But "preventatively" doesn't even really cut it. There's got to be a better solution, and Franklin just looks like he either tried too hard or not enough. I think if you play up the military metaphor--politics runs through this piece, as an essay of mine which you'll see here soon will try and show--and maybe say that Nature did not just "equip" the penis but in fact "outfitted it" (which also has the benefit of playing upon the clothing and performative register that we saw earlier at work), we could then perhaps make the "vorsorglich" a bit more mild, loving, caring: "which nature has, with foresight, outfitted exactly this organ"--or something to that effect. I'll also note there is huge confusion on "das Weib," and I think that Franklin's decision to go with just "women" is bold, especially because he doesn't (like any of the other translations) seem to get the tense right of the verb: what I (following my translating authority Sand Avidar-Walzer) think is "if the woman is castrated" becomes "if women have been castrated." I might in the end be convinced to go with the plain "woman" if Franklin changed the verb to "is."
I'll end up on a good note, though: Franklin has the best rendering in English of one of the most complicated sentences I think exists in all of Freud:
Der Hergang wer also der, daß der Knabe sich geweigert hat, die Tatsache seiner Wahrnemung, daß das Weib keinen Penis besitzt, zur Kenntnis zu nehmen.

I have this roughly as the following, which is just dry:
So what happened was that the boy refused to grasp his knowledge of the fact that he apprehends that the woman does not possess a penis.

Rivere tries his best:
What had happened, therefore, was that the boy had refused to take cognizance of the fact perceived by him that a woman has no penis.

Strachey follows this and ends up with something just as ugly:
What happened, therefore, was that the boy refused to take cognizance of the fact of his having perceived that a woman does not possess a penis.

And Franklin with unbelievable elegance solves the problem with a comma (and a colon, which is a bit much), which both duplicates the unsettledness the German creates but also keeps it just as clean:
What has happened, then, is this: the boy has refused to acknowledge the fact that he has perceived, that women have no penis.

2 comments:

Anonymous said...

Interesting - I hate it when translations add in extraneous phrases like "in analysis" and such.

Btw, isn't the "Joan" here the Klienian Joan Riviere (i.e., a women)?

Michael said...

That's what I thought, then I heard Joan Riviere being referred to as a man somewhere. Go figure! I'll find out and change it accordingly.